Análise de distorções em componentes estruturais de uma carroceria de ônibus causadas pelo processo de solda

Abstract

The present study analyses the distortion caused in a bus body by the welding process. Distortions in welded parts change the dimensional which has negative consequences on the assembly line when it exceeds tolerances established in the project. The main objective was to obtain low-cost techniques that can be used in production lines, aiming to control and reduce the dimensional variation which results from the welding process in structural components of a bus body, validating through dimensional measurements. Six welding methodologies were applied to a specimen that represented the region where the bus body joins the chassis. Marcopolo's current standards was used as the reference methodology. The proposed methodologies in order to reduce distortions included performing the weld with the specimen fixed in a template, changing the welding sequence and using a larger weld volume on the edges close to the center. It was found that the change in the proposed welding sequence did not reduce distortions, while welding the specimen with a template limiting movements and the application of a larger welding volume presented lower distortion values. The best results were shown by a methodology combining the techniques of using a template and increasing the volume of welding. All proposed situations can be applied on the assembly line and require little investment value compared to the operational and quality gains. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]