Relação estrutura propriedade da poliamida 6 aditivada com óleo de soja modificado com anidrido maleico

Abstract

The use of additives from alternative sources to petrochemical has attracted the interest of many academic researches and applications. The inputs as soybean oil have great potential in the polymer modification. However, it is often necessary to carry out reactions of modifications of these inputs to increase the degree of compatibility or perform some specific reaction. In this study, it was evaluated the reactive processing of polyamide 6 (PA6) with soybean oil modified with maleic anhydride (SOMA). The mixtures were processed using the mass proportions of PA6/SOMA: 100/0, 99/1 and 95/5 in twin-screw extruder (L/D 32) in a temperature range of 230-260ºC. The spectroscopic, chemical, chromatographic and titration experiments showed that about 1 mole of maleic anhydride reacted with 1 mole of soybean oil. The number of terminal amine groups reduced by adding SOMA of 2.38x10-5 to 1.37x10-5, the viscosity index increased from 220.0 to 276.9 indicating that the reaction occurred between SOMA and PA6 that can be proven by new bands in the FTIR (1769, 1742 and 1716 cm-1) and also by the non-selective extraction of the modified oil. The addition of modified soybean oil significantly increased the crystallinity of PA6 contributing to the increase of the phase α fraction. However, the addition of SOMA has not increased the size of the lamella of PA6, but only the amount of lamellas formed. This additive contributed to increase the transition region between the amorphous and crystalline portion from 1.23 to 1.33nm with 5wt.% of SOMA. The modified soybean oil acts as a plasticizer and as a lubricant of the PA6, because it causes little reduction in glass transition temperature (from -60 to -64ºC) and storage modulus. Regarding the rheological behavior, the samples have a pseudoplastic behavior. At shear rates above 100s-1 occurs an abrupt reduction in viscosity with an increasing amount of modified soybean oil. The maximum tensile strength (dry and hydrated) decreases linearly with the addition of SOMA. The mechanical properties show a very significant increase in deformation and tenacity for sample with 1wt.% of SOMA yielding values up to four times higher when compared to the material without additive. The material developed from a modified polyamide 6 and soybean oil showed very interesting properties, which are related to the amount of organized phase which is formed at elevated temperatures by local reduction of viscosity.