Tingimento de malhas de poliamida/elastano com soluções alcoólicas visando potencial aplicação na indústria têxtil

Abstract

The textile industry is known for using a large amount of inputs in its production process. The increased concern with issues involving environmental conservation leads to the search for production processes that can consume a smaller amount of natural resources. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the effect of the use of alcoholic solutions in the reduction of the temperature of the dyeing process and in the physical and chemical properties of the mesh. Solutions of ethanol, butanol and phenylmethanol were used in the dyeing. The alcohol concentration in the bath was initially set at 25 g/l, while the final dyeing temperature was 50°C. The dyed samples were compared with the standard sample which in its dyeing contains acetic acid, acid black dye 194 and an equalizing agent. The dyeing process was carried out according to the standard operating procedure performed in the industry, at 100°C. The samples were evaluated by means of attenuated diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), color fastness assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the K/S value for the standard sample was 31.4 at the end of the process. The use of ethanol and butanol reduced the K/S values to 6.9 and 18.2, respectively. The best colorimetric yield was achieved with the use of phenylmethanol presenting a K/S value equal to 28.7 with a dyeing temperature of 50°C. Treatment with the tested alcohols did not lead to the emergence of new bands in the FTIR spectra. The analyzes carried out using the SEM showed that the different dyeing processes tested did not change the physical structure of the polyamide fiber. XRD tests demonstrate that the samples had no change in their interplanar distances. Color fastness results are similar between the standard sample and phenylmethanol. The use of phenylmethanol contributed effectively in reducing the temperature of the dyeing bath without causing significant changes in the chemical and morphological structure of the analyzed fibers. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]