A eugenia : um estudo a partir do contraponto entre a teoria bioconservadora de Jürgen Habermas e a teoria liberal de Ronald Dworkin

Abstract

Bioethics, genetic and in particular, eugenics, have aroused great interest and concern in sev-eral knowledge areas. The discoveries in genetics make it possible to discover the cure of cer-tain diseases, on the other hand, leads to consequent concern about the ethics of human behav-ior in that area and the dreaded racial cleansing. Thus, the present work is the contrast be-tween the bioconservative design Jürgen Habermas and the liberal conception of Ronald Dworkin, considering the antagonism of both theories from an ethical and moral point of view. After contextualizing the problem in the philosophical horizon, first, they present the Habermasians arguments against liberal eugenics through the analysis of the work The Future of Human Nature: towards a liberal eugenics? It will explain the Habermas's arguments in favor of the ethics of the species from the concepts of equality, reciprocity, autonomy, self-determination, dignity, beyond the self-understanding of individuals as free and equal beings. Searching, therefore, to reconstruct Habermas's argumentative strategy. Later, criticizing the bioconservatives arguments of Jürgen Habermas, especially in relation to positive eugenics (human enhancement) and the foundation of their ideas in relation to the normative under-standing of human relationships. The debate around the issue of post-humanity with support in the liberal theory of Ronald Dworkin, as this stage is considered a result of biotechnology and makes a crucial point of disagreement between the two theories. The American philoso-pher picks a side in favor of the right of reproductive freedom and, consequently, in favor of the submission of the means of human improvement to freedom of choice. Therefore, this paper aims to provide elements for which they verify the boundaries of genetic manipulation, so that it is up to morality and ethics to fill the vacuum of fate created by biotechnology, tak-ing aim at maintaining the species and the human nature.