A leitura do dano moral pela perda de uma chance no Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região na perspectiva da nova retórica

Abstract

The thesis offers a contribution to the reading of moral damages for the loss of a chance (MDLC) in the Brazilian legal system, from eleven judgments of the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region (TRT4). The research problem thus unfolds: (a) What is the interpretation of MDLC built from the reading of the standard, the doctrine and the jurisprudence? (b) What is the interpretation of MDLC which is constructed by the reading of judgments of TRT4? and (c) for the Judges, what are the features which characterize the MDLC from the judgments? The overall aim of the thesis is to analyze the concept of MDLC in its reading/interpretation from the structure of the arguments used in the judgments. The specific objectives are the identification of the conditions of production and the discursive form of the judgments; the analysis of linguistic clues and the strongest arguments presented by the Judges and how they guide the reader to their understanding; and the analysis of the justification of the statements in the judgments. It lies the question of MDLC by authors such as Higa (2012); Martins-Costa (2014) and Savi (2012), in order to, then, present the possibility of interpretation of such damage based on the New Rhetoric of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca ([1988] 2005), enabling a reading from the socio-cultural environment in which the legal system is inserted, focusing on the influence that evaluative questions have on it. It is an interdisciplinary research of Case Study which demonstrates the repeated use of arguments based on the actual structure (ABBAS), on relations of succession, on pragmatic and authority species; use of quasi-logical arguments (QLA), by the means of a full identity of the rule-based definition; and of liaison arguments underlying the real structure (LAURS) through the use of the particular case (example). The elements highlighted by the Judges to characterize the MDLC based on the reading of the judgments are: a third-party conduct (tort), which interferes with certain probability of making a profit or avoid a loss of someone and frustration over the loss of a concrete and real likelihood of advantage, concerning about the respect for the human dignity.