Avaliação de desempenho sob a perspectiva dos fatores psicossociais no trabalho

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to analyze the psychosocial risk and protective factors perceived by managers of strategic and tactical units in a federal financial institution, which influence the performance appraisal system and its implications for strengthening a productive and healthy work environment. To achieve this, a qualitative and cross-sectional research was conducted with 28 managers, using focus group sessions and individual interviews, guided by a semi-structured questionnaire. The information obtained from each session was transcribed using Sonix software and subjected to content analysis with the support of Atlas.ti software. The content analysis was based on Bardin's studies (2004), which refined the information and allowed for the creation of initial, intermediate, and final categories. The data collected from the 4 focus groups and the two individual interviews, conducted from May to June 2023, were subsequently analyzed and resulted in 253 initial categories, which were grouped into 13 intermediate categories and led to the derivation of 5 final categories: The performance appraisal process; Psychosocial factors perceived in the performance appraisal process; Impacts and possibilities of the performance appraisal process; Perceptions and feelings related to the performance appraisal process and remote work. As a technical product of this research, a qualification proposal for managers was developed: "Management of Psychosocial Factors in the Performance Appraisal System," aiming to equip participants with the skills to identify the key psychosocial factors at work (PSFs) present in the performance appraisal (PA) process and, thus, enable interventions that strengthen the positive aspects of PA. To support the reflections and discussions proposed in the training, a conduct protocol was organized using the results obtained in the research: "Strategic Management of PSFs in the Performance Appraisal System: Conduct Protocol." The main results identified organizational culture, communication, and leadership behavior as psychosocial factors that can influence the validation of the appraisal process by participants and consequently strengthen a healthier and more productive work environment. The research also corroborated with other studies that depict the influence of performance appraisal on behavior, as well as the importance of understanding the psychosocial factors present in the appraisal process and thereby acting on decentralizing efforts to mitigate the consequences of psychosocial risk factors and strengthen psychosocial protective factors. The study further emphasized the need for interventions and training actions to develop leadership regarding psychosocial factors and proper use of the appraisal process. Although the study has limitations due to the specificity of the target audience and being conducted in a single organization, it was possible, based on the participants' perspective and the literature review conducted, to identify possibilities for future studies both in the researched organization and in the academic field. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]