Relação entre governança corporativa e desempenho econômico-financeiro : uma análise em empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

Abstract

Companies are complex organizations and in the course of their activity they interact with many stakeholders, but it is not always that these interests are converging with the organization´s own interests. The hired managers are the main agents, responsible for the harmonization of these interests, but according to the Agency Theory, they are also interested party. The Corporate Governance (CG) plays a key role in these conflict scenarios by introducing control and monitoring incentives, having mechanisms to manage them. Studies seek to understand if the adoption of good Corporate Governance practices, besides helping to solve agency conflicts, it leads companies to a performance boost, especially in the economic and financial sectors. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between the adoption of good Corporate Governance practices and financial performance of companies. To search such evidence were examined open capital companies listed at BM&FBOVESPA belonging to the segments of Pulp and Paper, Road Materials and commerce of Textiles, Clothing and Footwear in the years 2010 until 2014. The sample consisted of twenty-five companies and these companies were divided in two groups, for each market segment in order to enable comparison of performances, a group called Companies with good CG practices, composed by companies adhering to the listing segment of BM&FBOVESPA: Novo Mercado, Nível Dois e Nível Um and another group called Empresas Tradicionais e Outras, composed by companies without adhesion. The performance was measured through the following indicators: ROA, ROI, ROE, EVA Margin and EBTIDA Margin. Firstly, to compare the performances, it was used descriptive statistics and hyphothesis tests t. After, the normality of data was tested by the Shapiro Wilk test and homogeneity of the variances was tested by Levene´s test and the comparisons between two groups was accomplished by Test T and the analyses of variance at the significance level of 5%. In the segments of Pulp and Paper, commerce of Textiles, Clothing and Footwear, it was not found evidence of superior performance of a group over another. However, in the segment of Road Material most of the indicators showed superior performance of the group with good practices. Thus, the study has only partially supported the indication of superior financial and economic performance of the companies with good Corporate Governance practices in relation to others. Although the results do not show a unanimous conclusion, they converge with other researches conducted in Brazil, leaving further in future researches, if the superior performance found can be assigned to Corporate Governance and not to other factors.