Utilização da compostagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil : avaliação dos problemas ocorridos no passado e considerações para projetos futuros

Abstract

Brazil is among the 10 countries in the world that more waste food. This coupled with the economic growth and the lack of initiatives by managers in seeking solutions for the management of municipal public services of urban cleaning and solid waste management, makes the waste treatment system is overlooked. In Brazil more than 50% of the composition of municipal solid waste is biodegradable organic matter, which could be treated by composting. The sorting and composting plants in Brazil should present an effective treatment process waste, especially organic waste, turning it into compost and reducing the amount of material that is sent to landfills. But what we see is the opposite, recyclables mistakenly being disposed in landfills without prior separation and treatment. It is observed that in Brazil composting is still little used, and seek to know why this treatment system still has little credibility, not only by managers, but also the population. There is the assumption that because of projects errors and conceptions suffered last discredit for these units is still present, and therefore the managers believe the system is flawed. Another time it is known that the technologies and studies progressed a lot over the years, and there is a certain way the occurrence of other reasons that make the sorting and composting units in Brazil does not have the expected success. Through this research, we seek to find out why these units fail to achieve their goals completely or even to stay in business. It has made the lifting of the current situation of the sorting and composting plants in several regions of Brazil. Critical analyzes from the assessment of structural and operational data obtained through the opinion of many experts, technicians and solid waste area operators, finding the necessary steps to propose better alternatives and improvements to composting plants and the construction of new units in the future.