Análise biomecânica da marcha de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition characterized by changes in neurological development, manifested by repetitive behavior patterns and challenges in expression. Among the alterations, gait has been highlighted as a skill that, when impaired, impacts the child's independence. Therefore, it is essential to perform a gait assessment to identify existing dysfunctions and support the rehabilitation process, guiding the development of an individualized treatment plan. Objective: Analyze the gait biomechanics in children aged 3 to 6 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Method: This is an observational, analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of fourteen children aged 3 to 6 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Data collection involved a sample characterization questionnaire and an Inertial Measurement Unit with an Accelerometer and Gyroscope, the BAIOBIT device (Rivelo by BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy). The gait variables collected included symmetry, velocity, cadence, stride length, step duration, stance time, and swing time. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder showed reduced velocity, stride length, swing time, and symmetry compared to typically developing children of the same age group. On the other hand, cadence, stance time, and step duration were higher in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Conclusions: There are alterations in the gait biomechanics of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder compared to typically developing children of corresponding age groups. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]