Sustentabilidade e overtourism : saturação das atividades turísticas de acordo com a fase do ciclo de vida do destino turístico

Abstract

As socials consequences, tourism inexorably causes positive and negative results in the receiving location. It is undeniable that the quality of life of the receiving population improves when the positive impacts outweigh the negative ones, however the negative impacts should not be minimized, as they are harmed by the resident population. Some tourist destinations in the world result in damage from the adverse effects caused by tourist saturation, or overtourism, such as gentrification, loss of purchasing power, real estate speculation, environmental problems, high ratios of tourists to residents, among others. The objective of this work was to understand which elements of saturation of tourist activities, present in the phases of the life cycle, affect the sustainability of a destination. To this end, it brings as a theoretical basis study on tourist saturation, Butler's Tourism Life Cycle Model (1980), Doxey's Irridex Model (1975), studies on sustainability based on Elkington's Triple Bottom Line (1994) and seeks to make the connection between tourism and sustainability based on the three pillars of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The type of research used in this work was descriptive, with a qualitative approach. In relation to technical procedures, it is a bibliographic and documentary research. The data collection used will be focus groups with discourse analysis. The results found were residents' perception of prioritizing infrastructure in tourist neighborhoods to the detriment of residential neighborhoods in the involvement phase. In the development phase, none of the saturation elements were perceived by the participants, which could be detrimental to the fact that the feeling of apathy, described by Doxey (1975) for this phase, was present. The community seems to have accepted the growth of tourism without question, only realizing the problems during the consolidation phase. In this last phase, the elements perceived were real estate speculation, loss of purchasing power, gentrification, prostitution, compromised mobility, public insecurity, noise pollution and loss of originality of cultural elements in the destination consolidation phase. All saturation elements found in this work considerably affect the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the destination, because they are interdependent on each other. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]