Efeitos da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 na dinâmica da coagulação intravascular disseminada

Abstract

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, triggers an intense inflammatory response that affects blood coagulation, resulting in a hypercoagulable state and complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The viral Spike protein facilitates entry into cells through the ACE2 receptor, leading to endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and a cytokine storm that disrupts hemostasis, as evidenced by elevated markers such as D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and prothrombin time. This study is a narrative review based on a search of scientific articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Seven relevant articles were identified describing pathophysiological mechanisms, laboratory alterations, and clinical manifestations associated with DIC in patients with COVID-19. The studies indicate a significant association between elevated D-dimer levels and worse prognosis, while also highlighting the importance of early laboratory monitoring for appropriate management. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality related to thromboembolic complications in COVID-19. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]