Comparação social nas redes: efeitos na formação da identidade na adolescência

Abstract

Adolescence is a stage of intense biopsychosocial transformations and a search for belonging, in which identity formation emerges as a central developmental task. In this context, digital social networks are configured as privileged spaces for visibility and interaction, but also for social comparison, a phenomenon that can impact self-esteem, body image, and self-knowledge. This study aims to investigate the effects of social comparison, mediated by digital social networks, on the identity formation of adolescents. Specifically, it seeks to present the foundations of social comparison theory, characterize the dynamics of digital networks, and discuss identity processes typical of adolescence. The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design, based on an integrative literature review conducted in CAPES databases and complemented by classic works in Psychology. A total of 38 studies were identified, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria, organized through reading records and analyzed according to thematic analysis. The results were grouped into four main themes: the influence of social networks on adolescent identity construction; social comparison and satisfaction with body image; self-presentation and interaction in virtual communities; and strategies, interventions, and practical implications. The evidence indicates that social networks function as "digital mirrors" that can foster both belonging and self-expression, while also intensifying emotional vulnerabilities, especially those related to upward comparison and external validation. It is concluded that digital social comparison is an ambivalent phenomenon that may promote either risks or opportunities for personal growth, depending on family, educational, and social mediation. The study highlights research gaps related to the scarcity of longitudinal studies and investigations considering different contexts and social groups, such as gender, class, and cultural background, emphasizing the need for further studies addressing psychoeducational interventions and digital literacy strategies aimed at promoting adolescents' mental health and authentic identity. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]