Retenção de profissionais e a influência da cultura nacional : um estudo em uma multinacional italiana

Abstract

Studies over the years have sought to understand the professional retention factors in organizations and national cultures that determine or influence the behavior of individuals. This study aimed to determine the job retention factors and analyze the influence of national cultural characteristics of these factors. The assumption of national differentiation on retention factors is grounded in the literature that considers cultural distinctions at the national level and its influence on the behavior of individuals and in the culture of organizations. The influence of the cultures was analyzed based on their characteristic features and compared to the results obtained in each unit. As methodology, there was applied a quantitative research, with exploratory and descriptive approach. The strategy was a survey, and as a data collection technique was used questionnaire with open and closed questions with scales of 3 and 5 points. For the data analysis, were employed quantitative procedures using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, using methods of descriptive and multivariate analysis. The field of the study was comprised of three subsidiaries from an Italian multinational company which is parts manufacturer for off road segment, and they are located in Brazil, India and China, which were identified in this study as subsidiary X1, subsidiary X2 and subsidiary X3, respectively. It was intended to contemplate with the research, the analysis of retention factors in each unit, the level of satisfaction, the factors that could influence potential leave of the professionals and its relation to the context of cultural characteristics. In short, this study sought to identify whether there was a relationship between retention factors and national cultural characteristics, and also, the retention factors of each unit. The results of the research pointed out that the retention factors of the professionals are influenced by dimensions and cultural characteristics, in which the organizations are inserted. The retention factors and the factors influencing the intention to leave the professionals, both exert different influences on the intention to leave or stay in the organization. From a theoretical point of view, it is expected to have contributed to the scientific field, creating new insights into retention and cultural factors. From an empirical point of view, the objective is to support organizations that implement affiliates in foreign countries, facilitating the process of adaptation. As well, for professionals to improve understanding of the needs of different cultures, facilitating the process of interaction.