Projeto e implementação de uma microturbina hidráulica Pelton em uma barragem de pequeno porte de uma propriedade rural

Abstract

The use of energy contained in fluids has been fundamental for the development of humanity. Nowadays, with the growing demand for energy, hydroelectric projects with low manufacturing cost and easy installation become an attractive solution in places far from large centers. Hydraulic turbine are equipment specifically designed to transform the hydraulic energy of a water flow into mechanical energy in the form of torque and speed of rotation, in short, transforming the force and pressure of water into electrical energy. They are used in situations where there is a flow under pressure or in unevenness and the operating range is wide, and it can be in a drop below 20 meters up to above 1000 meters. In view of this, the present work presents the dimensioning, design, construction and tests of a Pelton hydraulic micro turbine in a small dam of a rural property. The turbine can be of great use in complementing the energy supply of small residences, from the use for some internal equipment and storage of products, as well as in general services needed in rural properties. At the end, the Pelton turbine was built according to the design and dimensioning, it was possible to compare with theoretical data and verify the energy production. When analyzing, it was found that the turbine obtained a yield of only 24,5% compared to the hydroelectric potential of the site. However, it is understood that by making some changes in the project, the results can be significantly increased, making it possible to use them in small residences and services on the rural property (sic).