Análise dos fármacos enalapril, metformina, paracetamol, tetraciclina e seus produtos de degradação por UHPLC-MS/MS após processo de tratamento biológico associado a membranas em efluente hospitalar

Abstract

The hospital effluents has, among other features, the presence of drugs and its possible degradation products, as well as, a high concentration of microorganisms. Currently, environmental agencies have been concerned with the fate and the presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, while not having a clear monitoring policy and release of these compounds. In this work was studied the presence of some pharmaceuticals drugs, prescribed in the Serra Gaúcha region, in hospital effluent after treatment. To remove the drug from the hospital effluent treatment process containing an anoxic reactor, an aerobic reactor and tank membrane and shocks performed with drug concentrations of 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1 and 2000 mg L-1 of continuous and pulsed manner from hospital effluent of general category hospital. The analytes studied were enalapril (ENA), metformin (MET), paracetamol (PAR) and tetracycline (TC). The chemical characterization was performed througt liquid chromatography ultra high performance (UHPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS/MS). To determine the concentration the samples were diluted, and those that were not possible quantify for dilution was done by a method of pre-concentration with solid phase extraction (SPE), with the sorbent polymer reverse phase. It was observed that the process is efficient by removing the drug with mean percentage of 99% for tetracycline, 98% for paracetamol, 93% for enalapril, showed less efficient for metformin, in removing 50%. Using this treatment process it was identified the formation of metabolite/degradation product of the tetracycline with m/z 462.29, which was identified by MS/MS. Residues of pharmaceuticals in wastewater have drawn the attention of researchers around the world, being a public health problem. Here we describe an efficient method for the removal of the evaluated drugs, as well as, sensitive and selective analytical methods.