Análise do desempenho na cadeia produtiva da maçã no corredor Vacaria-RS ao Porto de Rio Grande-RS : sob a ótica da matriz de análise de política (MAP)

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the performance in the apple production supply chain, through private and social indicators, from the perspective of Policy Analysis Matrix, in the corridor between Vacaria and the port of Rio Grande-RS, as well the effect of government policies on the chain of production. The theorization presented here is justified by its importance for handling a system of interactive components of agricultural production; for helping the operations sequence during the production of goods and services; and for its interaction with the agents that compose the bonds. It presents a blueprint of the Policy Analysis Matrix, in order to give practical and theoretical support to the research. The study was undertaken via an exploratory, applied, qualitative and quantitative research, and was developed based on primary and secondary data, which were associated with the case study, which was, in turn operationalized through the verification of accounting matrices constructed in a spreadsheet, structured in the 2007 Microsoft Excel. The data were collected in the city of Vacaria-RS and supplied by apple producers, carriers, port agents, research institutions, among other sources. The research was based on concepts related to profitability, private and social costs, and government policies. The results show that: the corridor, when analyzed in each of its linkages individually, proved to be economically efficient and profitable; when analyzing the corridor as a whole, private and social positive profitability was also observed, even with income transfer, from producer to society, and with the coefficient of profitability revealing taxing in the chain, which indicates profitability and economic efficiency of the system as a whole, even with negative aspects related to public policy. Comparing with the apple production chain of the State of Santa Catarina, Studies 1 and 2 showed positive profits and inefficient public policies, while Study 3 showed higher private profits, 36%. However, there is a higher income transfer to society, compared with study 1, 21%; and when compared with study 2, 45%. The results, in general, confirm the technological positive aspects of running the orchard, the storage and the conservation of the apple in cold storage, perceiving that those aspects were crucial for the performance increase and for the reduction of negative effects of public policies on the production chain. The main proposals here presented are: a greater refinement of ratings; a larger universe of costs and prices, as well as of conversion factor, when analyzing apple production corridors; and improved comparative studies among different production corridors and ports, with specific reference to the apple production of Vacaria-RS.