Produção de celulases e xilanases pelo fungo Penicillium echinulatum empregando resíduos da extração de lipídios de nabo forrageiro

Abstract

The lignocellulosic biomass can be considered as an inexhaustible source of raw material of low cost for the production of biofuels, which are alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the availability of efficient and low cost enzymes is one of the bottlenecks to obtain glucose syrups step prior to fermentation in the development of the technology for cellulosic ethanol. The fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a plant with great potential for the production of biodiesel, because it presents, high oil content in their seed, compared toother crops. The obtaining of oil of fodder radish seed generates a cake, considered as residue (FRC), with a high concentration of protein (around 40 %). In this study, was evaluated the convenience of use of FRC for the formulation of cellulases production medium, or even the total or partial replacement of components, such as the wheat bran and soybean meal. As microorganism for secretion of enzymes it was used the mutant S1M29 of Penicillium echinulatum, considered a good producer of cellulases. The production of cellulases and xylanases was studied both in solid-state cultivation (SSC) and submerged cultivation (SC). It was noted the growth of the fungus in both SSC as in SC, containing only FRC as the main source of carbon and nitrogen, or in the medium with different concentrations of FRC, in replacement of the wheat bran and soybean meal. When the medium were formed only with FRC, enzyme activities were not satisfactory, probably due to the low concentrations of substrates inductors (cellulose and xylose), the high concentration of proteins or of residual oil. In SSC, it was found that it is possible to replace partially the wheat bran by FRC, enabling the production of β-glucosidases with titles enzymatic of 22.62 IU/g, endoglucanases with 210.5 IU/g and xylanases with 1,137.59 IU/g. In SC, total or partial replacement of soybean meal and wheat bran by FRC allowed -glucosidases titles of 0.18 IU/mL, endoglucanases of 8.3 IU/mL and xylanases of 14.3 IU/mL, which were simila to control, which uses supplementation of wheat bran and soybean meal. The enzymatic complexes produced in two conditions, SSC and SC, shown to be more efficient than the enzymatic complex used as a control for the ability of hydrolysis of cellulose, Avicel ®, sugar cane bagasse and elephant grass in natura or pre-treated.