O agir da multidão e a construção do comum : uma leitura ético política a partir de Negri e Hardt

Abstract

This thesis aims analyzing, in an ethical-political line, the thought of the modern authors Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt through the trilogy Empire, Multitude and Commonwealth. The implicit philosophical question in every inquiry is how the multitude acting and the construction of the common contribute for constructing a society more fair and supportively? After a bibliographic research, this work was divided in three chapters: I) The Empire: a new global governance; II) The Multitude: a new ethical-political individual; III) The multitude ethical acting: building the common. With the referred structure, the capital hegemony is presented as the new sovereign power, as the imperial sovereignty, according to Negri and Hardt’s analysis, in light of Foucault’s considerations, seeks exerting a biopolitical domain over people, creating subjectivities based on individuality and consumerism, capable of feeding the hegemonic capitalist system itself and decreasing the cooperative forms of living and working. In this scenery, through technology, material work seems to become even more immaterial, based on information sharing at network models. From this new arrangement and way of reflecting about working emerges multitude, a move of movements in which singularities act cooperatively, sharing knowledge and warmth to reconstruct society, replacing competition with the cooperation ethical principle, creating new ways of life and filling in spaces emptied by individualism culture and competition with meanings. Multitude ethical acting seeks for constructing the common, i. e., sharing by the equal and fairest way what all produce. In a philosophical line formed by Maquiavel, Espinosa and Marx, Negri and Hardt find basis to think about the being from its immanence and political historical reality, open and in a continual construction, and, thus, free from dogmatisms and transcendentalisms. An always open being with power to act in face of anything that might restrain preserving its existence. Finally, it's tried, thus, to show how, for Negri and Herdt, the cooperation ethical principle, which sets the multitude acting, comprehends a being with subjectivity free from any determination and capable of creating a fairer and more supportive society.