Prevenção combinada ao HIV em universitários: um olhar da psicologia

Abstract

Since the first HIV diagnosis, various investments have been made in prevention and treatment. Therefore, the infection rates are still high, being between the ages of 20 and 34 more than half of the cases diagnosed in Brazil. Considering education level, 17,7% of the infected people hold a higher education diploma or are undergraduate students. The knowledge around the usage of condoms as a prevention method is already consolidated, but inefficient considering the growing numbers. Based on this context appears the Combination Prevention that deals with biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions together as a prevention strategy. This research sought to identify if the undergraduate students have basic knowledge about HIV and/or if there were other doubts that might influence them on not using methods to prevent HIV, using psychoanalytic concepts such as repetition compulsion and death drive to analyze the information. The research leaned on quantitative and qualitative aspects; it is descriptive, exploratory and interpretative. For this, firstly, a data survey was made through an online questionnaire in order to identify the undergraduate students' knowledge and perceptions about HIV. Secondly, individual interviews helped comprehend possible unconscious aspects that could affect the lack of prevention. The quantitative data was analyzed through the JASP statistical program and the qualitative using Bardin Content Analysis. The statistical test used was Pearson's chi-square, being considered significant when less than or equal to 0.05 (p<0.05). The online questionnaire had 1176 answers and 3 participants were interviewed individually. As a result, it was possible to understand that part of the university population does not have enough knowledge about this topic, mainly about Combination Prevention. It is important to highlight that 49,2% of the participants had already been exposed to HIV infection risk. It also shows that the condom usage was not consistent, only 12,9% claimed that they have used it in all sexual relations within the last year. Three categories were found for the content analysis that relate to the first contacts with the topic of HIV, perceptions about exposure to the risk of infection and about the knowledge of undergraduate students about HIV/aids. It was also possible to identify in the interviewees' speech the presence of unconscious aspects that can help determine not using prevention methods. Analyzing this data, a digital informative was suggested for undergraduate students so that they have the necessary knowledge about the usage of Combination Prevention. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]