Geração de biogás a partir da co-digestão de resíduos agroindustriais

Abstract

The growth in agro-industrial and industrial activities becomes imminent problem concerning the disposal of waste generated in these activities. Currently, most of the waste generated is intended for industrial waste landfills and in the case of pig manure to esterqueiras due to environmental and economic viability. However, anaerobic digestion (AD) is a solution for treating waste being environmentally and economically feasible for the treatment of waste, as by microorganisms performs conversion of unwanted by-products in renewable energy. This study aimed to isolate, select and identify microorganisms capable of assisting in the conversion of agricultural and industrial waste into biogas. Rice residues, leather, pig manure (R) and (A), tannery sludge ETE and ETE UCS sludge were characterized by determination of organic carbon, total solids content before and after the degradation tests. The addition of an inoculum of microorganisms isolated from samples of larger volume of biogas generated were evaluated, however showed low molar fraction of methane. Thus, there was re-isolation of microorganisms from WWTP sludge samples during the UCS process showed 76% mole fraction of methane and 73,3mL accumulated volume of biogas. Successive isolation of microorganisms were performed in the mud, the first isolation was after 24 hours test with later isolation every 7 days a total of 5 isolates. The microorganisms were added to samples containing manure residue (A) and (R) pre-treated leather residues chemically and thermally, rice and rice residue with tannery waste sludge WWTP. It has been found that the addition of inoculum increased the mole fraction of methane from manure waste (A) (55%), manure (R) of 0.4 to 0.7. The sample of rice and tannery WWTP sludge generated a mole fraction of hydrogen approximately (1.0). Thus, it is concluded that the presence of microorganisms in the process is essential to the increase of the molar fraction of the gas of interest, since these produce enzymes capable of degrading wastes and convert them into energy in the form of biogas. The actual process of AD is characterized by the reduction of carbon, rice residue with addition of WWTP sludge tanning and adding inoculum greater reduction in carbon content (77.88%) and total solids content (90.34%).