Mediação : uma alternativa possível para a resolução de conflitos ambientais urbanos, a partir da Lei 13.140/2015

Abstract

Based on Law 13.140 / 2015, the public entity was authorized to create mediation chamber for the resolution of unavailable conflicts, as long as they are subject to transaction. Thus, the present study has as its theme the measurement applied to socio-environmental conflicts, carried out by the municipal public administration. Qualitative research is based on the theoretical descriptive and statistical methodology with bibliographic and documentary procedures, as well as case study, research-participation and action research. The central objective is to verify if mediation can be a viable method for the solution of collective conflicts, especially urban and environmental conflicts. The questions that structure the dissertation are whether the municipal public administration, through mediation, can be an alternative for the effective justice; What are the techniques and tools contained in the principles brought by Resolution 125/2010 of the CNJ, by the NCPC and by Law 13.140 / 2015 that can contribute to the regulation and implementation of mediation before the municipal public administration; What are the constitutional competencies reserved to the Municipalities and that can generate environmental urban conflicts; If environmental law, because it is part of the concept of the common good of the people or of public interest, is subject to transaction; Which school (s) of mediation best suits the resolution of collective conflicts; What are the stages of proceduralisation for the regulation of mediation; Who will be the obligatory and optional actors in participating in the mediation process; Which body will be responsible for managing the mediation and which mediators should be the mediators; If there is an incompatibility of the principle of publicity inserted in the caput of the Basic Civil Service and the principle of confidentiality established for mediation; The contribution of the economy to the understanding of the cost of the process of mediation before the public administration and the cost of the same case solved by the heterocompositive model before the Judiciary. The results allow us to identify that mediation creates ways of managing divergent interests and that there are two paths that signal the construction of acceptable solutions: a) the choice of values or principles that are accepted as criteria to guide the construction of the solution; B) the analysis of the costs and benefits of each of the solution alternatives. The first part of the dissertation sought to demonstrate, based on Rawls's theory, the values and principles that can be accepted as criteria for its implementation in the local public administration in the resolution of socio-environmental conflicts and that could guide a possible consensual solution. Secondly, based on Ronald Coase's theory, we sought to demonstrate the costs and benefits of choice through mediation as an appropriate way to solve local socio-environmental conflicts.