Enunciação e gramática : o ensino dos modos verbais da língua portuguesa sob a perspectiva da teoria enunciativa de Émile Benveniste

Abstract

This thesis aims to propose principles for teaching verbal modes of the Portuguese language in the Final Years of Elementary School, guided by Émile Benveniste's Theory of Enunciation. For this purpose, initially, a resumption is made on the origin of grammar in the West, as well as the beginnings of the grammatization of the Portuguese language, intending to understand the bases of this ancient discipline that, many times, underlies the work of the language teacher, as well as the elaboration of textbooks that the schools adopt. Next, we investigate the approach to verbal modes of the Portuguese language in a few grammar books that contemplate different theoretical perspectives - Cunha and Cintra (2016); Bechara (2019); Perini (2016); and Neves (2011) -, focusing on the notion of verb and the inflections that constitute the verbal paradigm, namely: number, person, tense and, mainly, mode, given that this is the object of this research. Furthermore, we present an overview of how Benveniste's studies were received in Brazil, highlighting the directions taken by such studies - among them, their grammar application - to, finally, revisit the notions of enunciation, person, subjectivity, and time, fundamental for the understanding of verbal paradigms, in the volumes of Problems in General Linguistics I and II (2005; 1989), by Émile Benveniste. Finally, to contribute to the teaching of the verbal modes of the Portuguese language, two textbooks used in the sixth year of Elementary School are analyzed, which make up the most distributed collections in Brazilian schools (first and second placings), according to data released by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD/2020). Based on this analysis, in which textbooks are used as an orientation resource in terms of teaching Basic Education, principles of Benveniste's Enunciative Theory are proposed for the teaching of verbal modes of the Portuguese language in the Final Years of Elementary School, demonstrating that this theory can be the starting point for teaching-focused not only on forms but also on the use of language. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]