Análise dos custos de operação do despacho energético empregando fontes renováveis de energia e seu impacto no PLD horário

Abstract

The dispatch of electric energy in Brazil is predominantly hydroelectric, with wind and thermal input, however, the participation of hydroelectric sources has decreased over the years. To maintain the Brazilian energy supply, it is necessary to expand and include other energy sources in the dispatch, such as wind and solar energy. The installed capacity of these intermittent sources in the country is representative and future growth projections are even more positive. Because these sources, as the name says, are characterized by their intermittency and generation uncertainty, the ideal is the implementation of storage systems linked to generation. In places like Europe and the United States, storage systems are widely used, especially those that use batteries, while in Brazil there are still no generating plants connected to the energy system that use storage technologies. The main purpose of using these systems, in addition to the availability of energy at any time, is to stabilize supply and reduce demand variations in the electricity grid. In order to analyze the attractiveness of the energy dispatch operation with intermittent sources and input of storage systems, a modeling of the hydrothermal dispatch was carried out with the insertion of wind sources in order to obtain a new marginal cost of hourly operation. From this cost obtained in the modeling, a new hourly spot market price was calculated and compared to the current actual dispatch price. At the same time, the required capacity of the storage systems and their costs were calculated. Finally, both hourly spot market prices were compared, considering the storage costs. The conclusion, from these results, was that the proposed hydrothermal dispatch, together with a storage system, proved to be unfeasible, mainly due to the costs of the battery system and for not being considered in the modeling, the exchange of energy between subsystems. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]