Simulação de cálculo de fluxo de potência utilizando computação quântica

Abstract

In a context in which electricity grids are increasingly distributed and interconnected, a myriad of data to be processed by utilities may be beyond computer technology. The insertion of a new computational paradigm becomes justifiable, the quantum computing, which has theoretical potential to solve specific problems in a time interval that can be exponentially smaller than the traditional. In the context of power systems, a problem that has been studied in the last two years is the incorporation of the quantum algorithm of Harrow, Hassidim and Lloyd (HHL) for solving linear equations to the power flow problem, both for the traditional by iterative methods, as for the DC power flow, a method that linearizes the problem through some approximations. This work performs the DC power flow ideal simulation of two systems, through a code built in Qiskit based on the HHL algorithm for two systems, three and five bars, obtaining a circuit of 4 q-bits with exact solution for the former and a circuit of 5 q-bits with mean absolute percentage error of 6.124% for the latter, plus experimentation on a real IBM quantum computer for the three bar system, with an error of 6.935%. It also makes a comparison between the quantum simulation with a classical power flow simulation by iterative methods that results in an error of 7.630%. Additionally, code with equivalent functionality was built in Matlab. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]