Microbiota oral e estresse oxidativo em cães com doença periodontal e o potencial de terpenóides no controle bacteriano

Abstract

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and bacterial disease that affects the supporting and supporting tissues of teeth and is of great importance in the clinic of small animals, given the high incidence in dogs in the first years of life. Knowing the microorganisms involved in this process we can determine the pathogenesis of the disease and how the periodontal lesions occur according to the action of these bacteria, as well as elaborate new treatment protocols. The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria present in the oral microbiota of healthy dogs and those with gingivitis and periodontitis, to test the action of terpenes against isolated bacteria and to verify the presence of oxidative stress in periodontal disease. A total of 177 bacteria belonging to 4 phyla and 27 different genera were isolated and identified. In the healthy group most of the identified isolates belonged to the genera Staphylococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Actinomyces spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Proteus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Pasteurella spp. With the progression of oral disease, a significant increase in Neisseria sp. and Corynebacterium sp. indicating that species of these genera or the imbalance caused by their increase may play an important role in periodontal disease in dogs. Terpene tests were performed by serial dilution of the citral, geraniol, citronellal, alpha-terpineol, citronellol and terpinene-4-ol on Fredericksenia canicola, Neisseria zoodegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius. The citral terpenes, geraniol, citronellol and ?-terpineol obtained the best results, similar and even superior to the compound xylitol. We can conclude that the tested terpenes have antibacterial and inhibitory properties against the bacteria F. caninola, N. zoodegmatis and S. pseudointermedius, and thus potential use for periodontal disease control in dogs. The analysis of oxidative stress generated in periodontal disease can be a biomarker of tissue injury and disease worsening. For this purpose, the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of dogs with periodontitis were quantified. The study provides evidence of the presence of oxidative stress in periodontal disease, as there was a significant increase in TBARS of 43.81% compared to the control group and also suggests an improvement in antioxidant capacity after treatment, as an increase in TEAC was observed. 8% in the group of dogs treated. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]