O contributo maffesoliano para a superação dos impactos socioambientais causados pelo descarte e desperdício de alimentos numa perspectiva jurídica e social da sustentabilidade

Abstract

Around the world, much more is produced than consumed, causing an invaluable rate of disposal and food waste, directly contributing to the massive existence of environmental impacts. As a result of the culture of waste, vertiginous environmental losses are felt across the globe with the overload of waste systems, climate change, loss of biodiversity and pollution. As one of the major problems of consumer society, it is particularly important, given the complexity of the subject, to analyze the environmental impacts of food disposal and waste in the light of a multidisciplinary approach. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation lies in analyzing how to overcome food disposal and waste from a legal-sociological perspective, highlighting sustainability as a value and, fundamentally, as a constitutional principle that generates multidimensional obligations. To this end, sustainability is understood as a constitutional legal principle, endowed with coerciveness that determines, with direct and immediate effectiveness, the responsibility of the State and society, in the pursuit of this purpose, with a view to guaranteeing well-being, materialized, also from the perspective of access to food. Bearing in mind the task of sociology to come to the aid of the individual, Maffesoli sets in motion the rebirth of an ecosophical sensitivity, attentive to the needs of the world around us, an understanding based on a new relationship with Mother-Earth, with the incorporation of sharing, participation and communion processes, as an urgent need in the face of ecological transformation and, especially in the face of the global food crisis that is slowly approaching. Having made these clarifications, the following problem was formulated: the environmental impacts of disposal and food waste can be mitigated, at the national level, through Brazilian legal instruments, as well as through the contribution of Maffesoli's theory, which establishes the sharing of practices that enable the emergence of a new community spirit, within the perspective of a saturated world, socially, economically and environmentally devastated? In view of this proposal, for the accomplishment of this work, the chosen approach was the qualitative one, guided by the analytical method, by the use of bibliographical research (by means of analysis of material published in works, periodicals, texts, photos, videos, news, etc.) and documental (survey of reports from FAO, IBGE, Oxfam, Observatory of the Right to Food and Nutrition, as well as, in the Legislation Portal, technical procedures. The conclusions of the work indicate the contributions brought by the theoretical framework of Maffesoli, based on an understanding that is established by the compatibility of a socio-environmental agenda to overcome the environmental impacts of discarding and wasting food, having as a result of this agenda the emergence of the principle of sustainability, combined with fraternity as an axiological vector to lead to an ecology for our time in order to guarantee the environmental balance and the right to the future. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]