Implementação de um protótipo aplicado ao monitoramento do fator de potência em sistemas fotovoltaicos utilizando tecnologia LoRa

Abstract

Photovoltaic energy is essential in the energy scenario, since it provides its diversification, as well as reduces the environmental impacts caused by conventional sources. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a relevant tool when it allows the interaction of electronic devices that use the internet or database. This work presents the implementation of a prototype that was installed to obtain active and reactive power data using LoRa technology for a photovoltaic system. Initially, concepts relevant to the development of research and communication technologies for wireless networks are researched, as well as models and characteristics of photovoltaic systems, concepts of active and reactive power and power factor. Afterwards, the manufacturing stages of the prototype are described, addressing characteristics and models of the components used, as well as the inverter that will make the information available, LoRa board, gateway RS485, software and a general flowchart of operation. To present the results of the executed prototype, some specific tests were carried out, in which the gateway was positioned in two different places, in the first case the equipment was positioned at a distance of 1 meter from the meter, with results basically identical to those informed by the inverter, thus, it was possible to verify that the common characteristic of the inverter in working with the unity power factor is proven. In the second case, changing the layout of the gateway to a distance 180 times greater than the initial test, comparing the prototype data and the information from the inverter itself, resulting in a distortion in the reading of said data within the expected limits of the prototype, this variation was due to the distance between the installed meter and gateway. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]