Etnodesign: a produção artesanal como fonte de conhecimento histórico e a sua contribuição socioambiental

Abstract

The dissertation to be presented deals, through research, with an excerpt about the term Ethnodesign, comprising crafts and artisanal production as a source of historical knowledge. It is argued here that a product made from the creativity of artisans from different communities generates cultural and economic values - and carries the skill of the practices and knowledge transmitted from generation to generation, in addition to contributing to the socio-environmental aspect, since the techniques applied in its production use materials that are not harmful to nature, making manual work an ally in reducing waste. To this end, topics such as intangible heritage, sustainable practices, circular and creative economy and the very relationship "consumer versus consumerism" established from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century onwards are addressed, including the factor of planned obsolescence as a generator of disposal in production in mechanized series. The objective was to demonstrate, through research data, the contribution of Etnodesign - a mediator between the knowledge of designers and the knowledge of artisans - both culturally and in reducing the negative impact on the environment, making products potentially objects of socio-environmental transformation. Authors such as Roger Chartier, Clifford Geertz and Jacques Le Goff based the considerations on cultural history, representations, memory and intangible heritage. William McDonough, Catherine Weetman and Lia Krucken were used to support the discussion on circular economy, sustainable practices and design.In addition to the documentary research and the theoretical references used, an interview was conducted with the designer and craftsman from Ceará, Elizandro Rabelo, in order to understand his manual work technique in the production of handcrafted pieces and the circular economy model implemented in his studio, and a practical example of Ethnodesign was also demonstrated, through the project by São Paulo designer Marcelo Rosenbaum, together with the Yawanawás indigenous community, to create a collection of lamps entitled "A Força da Floresta". As a result of this dissertation, a workshop entitled "Knowledge and Actions: a look at Heritage Education" was held with fifth-year students from a school in Caxias do Sul, and a project named "Podcast as an Educational Tool" was formalized. , applied to a community that produces handicrafts, in order to become a resource for educators to work on Ethnodesign issues. The result of this study was achieved by demonstrating that handicrafts made from artisanal knowledge carry inherited ancestral knowledge and are a source of great cultural potential, which preserves identities, generates immaterial and economic values for communities, causes social transformations and contributes to environmental preservation in all its phases, creation, production and disposal. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]