Hipertensão materna como preditora de alteração da pressão arterial em coorte de prematuros de muito baixo peso

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has shown a significant increase in children, adolescents and young people in recent years. Intrauterine fetal exposure to hypertension seems to lead to greater risks of developing chronic diseases in the first years of life. Objective: To compare the systolic blood pressure of premature infants born with verylow birth weight (<1500 g), exposed to hypertensive syndrome during pregnancy, to the SBP of unexposed infants in the first three years of life. Methods: Prospective cohort study that included premature infants, followed up until 36 months of corrected age. Children with a birth weight <1500 g and gestational age <37 weeks were eligible for the study. Blood pressure was defined and classified as normal when below 95 and hypertension when above the 95th percentile. Results: 236 very low birth weight premature infants were evaluated, with a median gestational age (IQR) of 30 weeks (28 - 32) and a median weight of 1172 g (981 - 1352), 46.6% male. The main findings in the exposed group compared to the unexposed were median systolic blood pressure 2mmHg higher (101mmHg vs 99mmHg; p=0.57); higher incidence of small for gestational age (50.4% vs 21.8%; p<0.01) and lower incidence of extreme prematurity (10.6% vs 24.8% - p<0.01). Conclusion: The rise in blood pressure in the exposed group suggests an association between exposure to hypertensive syndrome and the risk of high blood pressure in childhood, emphasizing the importance of monitoring this population. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]