Problemas éticos e ecológicos da atividade pecuária no Brasil : análise a partir do direito ambiental e do direito animal

Abstract

Environmental law protects diffuse rights, while animal rights defends animals as individuals, but despite these differences, both deal with the exploitation of nature and animals by human beings, who see them as resources, ignoring the effect of their existence and life on the maintenance of the environment and thus of human life itself. From this context of correlation, this dissertation seeks to analyze the ethical and environmental impacts of the meat industry, addressing animal exploitation and the environmental consequences of livestock farming in Brazil, based on the problem related to how human posture in the meat industry affects environmental protection and to what extent ethics and rights (environmental and animal) converge in this context in Brazil. It starts from a legal and philosophical perspective and seeks to analyze the environmental and ethical issues related to livestock farming, based on approximations between Environmental Law and Animal Rights. The work is divided into two chapters that connect ethical, legal and environmental discussions in an integrated way. The first chapter explores the ethical issue of the treatment of non-human animals and their legal nature, analyzing areas of law and constitutional changes in South America on the subject. The second chapter focuses on the exploitation of animals by the meat industry and the environmental impacts of livestock farming, as well as proposing solutions to violations of basic animal rights in this context. In view of this proposal, the approach chosen for this work was qualitative, based on the analytical method, using bibliographical and documentary research. In the end, it was observed that animal ethics, although addressed by different currents, converges in the search for basic rights for non-human animals and that the exploitation of these animals in the meat industry generates not only ethical violations, but also serious environmental impacts, such as deforestation and global warming. The proposed solution is a transition to a non-animal food system that is more sustainable and respects the rights of nonhuman animals. This change, in addition to mitigating environmental damage, reflects the need for a new food and ethical paradigm. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]