Avaliação de biomarcadores e tratamento da artrite reumatoide: revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disease characterized mainly by joint involvement, which can cause severe symptoms and disability to the patient. Objectives: This study aims to conduct in-depth research on the key biomarkers for diagnosis and current therapeutic approaches for the management of RA. Methods: A literature review was carried out by consulting keywords determined through the Health Science Descriptors (DeCS), in databases between 2016 and 2024. Results: In this search strategy, 31 articles published in the last 8 years on the subject of interest were obtained. The main results found show the use of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody as the most specific biomarker. In one study, RA was diagnosed in 93% of patients with initial anti-CCP positivity. Regarding treatment, both abatacept, etanercept, rituximab and infliximab were able to significantly reduce disease activity in studies carried out with patients using conventional therapy, compared to those using immunobiological therapy, showing an increase of about 20% in disease remission. Conclusions: The data presented, although very promising, show the need for further research and studies to investigate more sensitive and specific biomarkers for RA and studies that further demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy and possible contraindications of immunobiologicals, as early diagnosis, together with treatment, can prevent or considerably delay the progression of joint damage, avoiding the worsening of the disease. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]