Dever, liberalismo e justiça social em Kant: um estudo sobre o pensamento político liberal kantiano e as suas implicações éticas e jurídicas

Abstract

This doctoral thesis studies the notion of social justice in Kant, from a Kantian deontological perspective, within the context of the German thinker's liberalism, focusing on its development. This doctoral study consults the main Kantian works, with an emphasis on the Doctrine of Right and the Metaphysics of Morals. The thesis points out that social justice in Kant is robust, that is, it is not limited to the maintenance of the State from an empirical perspective. This perspective that conceives social justice in Kant as robust or developed is based on the concept of social justice as a duty of the State and on the idea of the need to promote social justice to ensure the exercise of external freedom. The thesis shows that the context in which Kantian social thought manifests itself is constituted by Kant's liberal political philosophy with an evident deontological nuance, in which there are the delimiting principles of external freedom and legal equality. The study also shows the empirical implications of Kant's proposal for social justice. The method used is analytical-interpretative. The research is bibliographical. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]