Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos do Brasil e sua aplicabilidade na gestão integrada em aterro sanitário : estudo de caso no município da Gravatá/PE

Abstract

The context of the research concerns the challenges faced by municipal management in view of the increasing generation of solid waste, the environmental impacts resulting from inadequate disposal, and the need for sustainable solutions. The research has the general objective of analyzing the applicability of the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12,305/2010) and the New Regulatory Framework for Basic Sanitation (Law No. 14,026/2020) in the integrated management of solid waste in sanitary landfills, through a case study in the municipality of Gravatá, in Pernambuco. The methodology adopted is qualitative, with a hypothetical-deductive approach and a cross-sectional nature, using a bibliographic review, legislative analysis, and diagnosis of socioenvironmental data from the municipality. The results demonstrate that, although there are legal and institutional advances in Brazil, the implementation of the guidelines provided for in environmental legislation encounters significant obstacles in the local reality, such as failures in inspection, low awareness of the population, and precarious public infrastructure. Most small Brazilian municipalities face difficulties in complying with legislation, either due to the lack of wareness among authorities about waste management or due to the lack of financial resources to acquire the equipment necessary for the collection, transportation and proper disposal of waste. The case study shows that the Gravatá landfill operates wth technical, social and environmental limitations that compromise its sustainability, despite its potential for generating biogas as a renewable energy source. The analysis also points to the need for integrated and participatory management, involving the government, the private sector and civil society, based on the shared responsibility provided for by law. It is concluded that the full implementation of Brazilian environmental legislation in solid waste management requires not only political will and technical resources, but also educational actions, territorial planning and technological innovation. Gravatá's experience shows that sustainable solutions are viable, as long as they are accompanied by effective environmental governance strategies. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]