Relações entre fatores socioeconômicos e a geração de resíduos sólidos domiciliares - Vacaria

Abstract

One of the main environmental concerns is associated with the excessive amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the environmental impacts caused by inappropriate disposal methods. Studies about the generation of solid waste and socioeconomic factors are important and necessary to understand the relationship between purchase power of a population and environmental pollution. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between generation of MSW and socioeconomic variables in two predominantly residential neighborhoods in the municipality of Vacaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The characteristics of each neighborhood were identified, and the gravimetric composition of MSW and the per capita generation of solid waste in the two neighborhoods were established. The inhabitants of both neighborhoods were interviewed, and the data obtained were used to characterize the socioeconomic features of these populations (literacy, income, family structure, role of women in the job market). The gravimetric composition of MSW was established by quartering. Garbage and recyclable waste from both neighborhoods were characterized during two weeks (in winter and in summer). The various components of MSW were identified, quantified, and classified. Significant differences in MSW composition such as the presence of electronic waste, medical drugs, animal excrement, and glassware were observed in the high purchase power neighborhood. In the low purchase power neighborhood, the presence of textiles, leather, and rubber was substantial. Biodegradable waste (including food remains) was significantly present in the MWS of both neighborhoods. Per capita generation of MSW in the high and low purchase power neighborhoods was 1,428 kg, day and 212 kg. day, respectively, revealing the relationship between income, literacy, family structure, and environmental impact. Further studies should evaluate the influence of family members on waste generation, including consumer habits and behaviors concerning wasting and disposal of goods.