Análise da utilização de resíduos sólidos de marmoraria em consórcio com macrófitas aquáticas na recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração de argila vermelha

Abstract

Mining activities cause significant impacts to the environment, since the development of this activity implies suppression of vegetation, soil exposure to erosive processes with changes in the quantity and quality of surface and underground water resources, besides causing air pollution, among other aspects Negative results. An alternative for the recovery of degraded areas is rock, which basically consists of incorporating rocks / minerals into the soil. A considerable source of mineral waste for rock is the ornamental stone industry, because in sawmills that produce 20 mm thick blocks, 25 to 30% of the granite block is lost as fine particles, considering the fact that The Brazilian market generates 240,000 t.-1, accounting for only marble and granite. The present work proposes the use of granite cutting residues and organic residues of Eichhornia crassipes, in a consortium in the production of a substrate rich in organic and mineral matter, composed of micro and macro nutrients essential to plant nutrition, favoring the recovery of degraded areas by mining. In this way, the present work aimed to verify the effects of rocks with marble and granite residues and the application of organic residues of aquatic macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) on chemical and microbiological aspects of an exposed basement and on the growth of pensacola grass (Paspalum notatum), a grass native to South America. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and consisted of 12 treatments, as follows: degraded area subsoil with three doses of marble waste (8, 16 and 32. ha- 1), combined with 8 t. ha-1 of organic waste (water hyacinth), generating 9 treatments, in addition to three additional ones, with degraded area soil by mining of preserved red clay, used as reference. Soil chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out, as well as measurements of height, dry and fresh mass of shoot and root system of plants. The results indicate that the procedures with granite and water hyacinth residues contributed to improve the chemical and biological conditions of the soil and to provide good results for the microbiological variables, while the plants presented the highest growth in the treatments in which were added higher concentrations of residues of marble work. The rock consortium with aquatic macrophytes gave rise to the quality of the soil exposed by the activity, collaborating for the recovery of degraded sites and closure of the waste cycle.