Zoneamento ambiental e planejamento de bacias hidrográficas : estudo de caso - do local (Arroio Barracão, no município de Bento Gonçalves/RS) ao regional (região metropolitana da Serra Gaúcha)

Abstract

The increasing urbanization of cities has caused environmental deterioration and has damaged many watercourses that supply the population. The importance of this theme lies in demonstrating that cities are growing rapidly, without adequate planning, deteriorating watersheds with incompatible uses, and that although there is a great deal of knowledge about the global problem of scarcity of water resources, which, even protected by advanced Brazilian laws, In the environmental issue, we end up repeating opportunistic attitudes that prevail over environmental issues. This situation occurs at the local level, of a single city, crossing the horizons of the territory and goes to meet other neighboring cities, which for the same reason of an accelerated process of growth create an axis of conurbation merging territories and having among themselves common problems that Should be resolved on a regional scale. It is necessary to apply legal instruments of effective implementation such as the Environmental Zoning that recognizes the value of each part of the territory by giving it a correct and planned use aimed at the sustainability of an entire region. Chapter 1 leads us to a reflection On the construction of cities and their fragmented spaces far from the acclaimed flag of sustainability. Chapter 2 tells us about the local case study that emerges in the Urban Microbacia of Arroio Barracão, in the municipality of Bento Gonçalves, narrating its discovery as a basin And its importance as a contributor to human supply. It deals with environmental protection laws and the Master Plans that regulate land use by recognizing potentials and constraints for occupation, but that in practice the command of these areas and land use definitions is at the hand of real estate speculation generating disrespect in relation The protection of this urban hydrographic basin. It also shows that the hydrographic basins exceed the geographical limits of a municipality and what the uses of the soil located upstream of the capture, in another neighboring municipality can contribute with large negative impacts in the well. In Chapter 3 we present a survey on metropolitan regions and the question of competencies for governance. We also present a diagnosis of the current situation, through the analysis of the municipal legislations, of the 13 municipalities that compose the Metropolitan Region of Serra Gaúcha, demonstrating the urgent need for implementation Of an effective legal instrument, Environmental Zoning, for the protection of the watersheds of the entire region, thus preserving the water resources that cross the municipal frontier for every future generation.