Avaliação do índice de desenvolvimento humano como indicador no estabelecimento de políticas públicas na cidade de Caxias do Sul

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) measures human development in 170 countries and territories, being prepared by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Covers dimensions longevity, education and income in your calculation in order to provide information for the establishment of public policies aimed at eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities and exclusion to ensure not just growth economical, but also social of the nation. Similar to the HDI, in Brazil, is published the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM). In this context, the study sought to analyze the relationship between the HDI, IDHM and other public management indicators, based on the three dimensions above, in the city of Caxias do Sul, from 2010 to 2016. This was a bibliometric study, exploratory and a case study with qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected through documentary research, indepth interviews, observations and questionnaires applied through the Access to Information Law. The interviews were carried out with municipal managers from six municipalities better ranked in the IDHM in RS in 2000 and 2010, belong to the same geographic area; and the questionnaires applied through the Access to Information Law, in the four municipalities that are part of the first mechanic metal pole of Brazil, located in ABC Paulista, in virtue of the similarity of economic activity. Technique of data analysis was used the content analysis to the qualitative data, envelope analysis using the SIAD software and Spearman correlation analysis using the SPSS system for treatment for the quantitative data. As a result, the policies and indicators used by public administrations with a focus on human development were identified, and the calculations were carried out for the municipality of Caxias do Sul from 2010 to 2016, establishing a correlation between the HDI, IDHM and other related indicators. Limitations were seen in the use of the HDI and the decennial IDHM for monitoring and planning of public policies. To compare different decision-making units, the standardization of information was recommended in order to guarantee the quality of the analyzes, as well as to contribute to the sharing of successful actions and policies. It was pointed out the need for integrated information to have the systemic view of Human Development in general as well as by dimension. The importance of the creation of the "School of Management" was emphasized to develop training and diagnoses of public management, providing National Plans. In Caxias do Sul, it can be observed: average unemployment of 34% and Gini index (inequality) of 0.56, showing high inequality and concentration of income in all periods analyzed; in health, there was a significant improvement in the treatment of effluents, but with the possibility of expansion, attention was paid to the need for policies and monitoring of infant mortality, as well as the need for standardized information on care in the UBSs; in education, there was fragmentation in the follow-up of enrollments and quality in education, being restricted to the municipal sphere, not showing a follow-up of the number of students at each stage of education. The analyzes and information produced may be used by the municipal public management in the planning and monitoring of the actions, giving publicity and transparency to the findings.