Cooperação social: uma abordagem neocontratualista

Abstract

From the hypothesis that social cooperation is not based on Levinasian altruism and refuting the exclusive necessity of duty for its realization, it is conjectured that the act of cooperating distances itself from the supposed morality once considered. To this end, social cooperation is analysed through the lens of Thomas Hobbes's contractualism (1588-1679) and John Rawls's neocontractualism (1921-2002). The Hobbesian conception argues for cooperation when it argues that the three natural causes of human discord are (i) competition, (ii) distrust; and (iii) the glory. In the Rawlsian conception, in turn, it is the principles of the basic structure that constitute the original agreement and will determine the manifestation of social cooperation. It is hypothesized, therefore, that the absence of self-interested moral motivations can weaken cooperative bonds, since, for no reason to cooperate, such an agent hardly cooperates.