Biodiversidade e conhecimentos tradicionais associados: um estudo da realidade Kaingang e Guarani da reserva indígena da Guarita-Redentora-RS

Abstract

Kaingang reservation / Indian area in the municipality of Guarita Redentora-RS aspects of the preservation or loss of biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge. Collect data about their culture (material and immaterial), the beneficial influences on whether or not arising from contacts with outsiders, their lifestyles, their domains of knowledge of traditional medicine. This research aims to analyze the information collected and see if Brazilian law is endowed with effectiveness in the protection and conservation of natural and cultural heritage of these two traditional local indigenous communities and also review possible legal measures that can be applied to the socio-economic inclusion the same through the fair distribution of benefits derived from access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. The knowledge of the factual reality, the way of life, customs, habits, beliefs, or not beneficial influences of other cultures, the sense of nature and its importance for the same individual is indispensable for the realization of the goals of work research conducted. To get such results, were held in July and August 2009, at Kaingang ethnicity, and because of the weather in January 2010 in the Guarani race, interviews, both individual and collective, in the area / Indian reservation Guarita with some components of these two ethnic groups. It was proposed in this paper a technique for interaction, conversations, observations in order to understand how they live, what they produce, which retain their cultural backgrounds, how they relate to the environment that surrounds them, they know about law, Citizenship, their rights, transferring them between their associated traditional knowledge holders and they are also selling or not specimens of traditional medicine into their existing territories. Concludes, after all, the urgent necessity to regulate by a particular standard so access as the fair distribution of benefits from exploitation of biodiversity, genetic heritage and traditional knowledge mainly. Because of the legislative vacuum in the country, it was proposed hypothetically the construction of a standard to serve as the north in order to regulate these issues across the country.