O interesse pela lei moral nos escritos éticos kantianos

Abstract

The system of morality proposed by Kant, which eliminates any influence of matter in determining the moral character of the action, is studied since its preparation. One aspect that appears problematic is the fact that by taking inclinations as mobiles, ie, as a subjective principle of the will, people have shown interest - empirically - the objectives pursued by the matter of the action. When the matter suppressed, leaving only the shape of the law to be observed, there must be also a kind of mobile, this moral, which however does not imply counteract the non empirical rational determination. There is then a complicated situation regarding the person's interest in the observance of the moral law, in view of the special nature of this interest, in terms Kantians, called the pure interest of reason. Kant then introduces the concept of respect for this law, and considers as a sense, therefore, linked to sensitivity, but not pathologically produced but practically produced. From the Kantian analysis of the works, as well as commentators, it is understood that Kant gives the north to the resolution of the question of motive in speaking of the moral feeling of respect. However, it is necessary to reflect the sense of respect for themselves, is the Kantian moral motive. Also, explain the possibility of existence of such a feeling, on the sensitivity, but not produced in a pathological way, but by a representation a priori. From this northern and these reflections arrive at the conclusion that a joint analysis of the sense of respect and awareness of the moral law must be developed, because it does not seem so interesting treat both round, that is, or the feeling of respect or awareness of the moral law as the basis of moral motivation. To articulate these two elements motivational part is the position that can be distinguished in the determination of the will, two factors: factor or dynamic conative and cognitive factor. The first consists of a boost, as a dynamic factor in motion, in the sense that people want, need, desire, interested, while the second is introduced with a view to the realization that the dynamic aspect, namely the interests, depends from the representation of a law to guide the action, regardless of the moral character of this law or not. If moral, pure interest, if not moral, empirical interest. Thus, based on this theory it may be thought a joint analysis of the sense of respect and awareness of the moral law, as awareness of the law would guide the rule, the awareness of the principle of morality, while feeling respect would be the dynamic factor that efect the principle of morality, the effect would be that the law upon her consciousness, because the sensitivity.