Análise genômica de Penicillium echinulatum para predição de agrupamentos de genes envolvidos no metabolismo secundário

Abstract

Filamentous fungi are known for their importance in the production of secondary metabolites of interest: they are used in industry, in production of enzymes and drugs, in food, among other economically relevant compounds. Due to this use, the development of improvement methods for the production of metabolites is increasing. A fungus enhanced by chance mutation for cellulase production is Penicillium echinulatum, in which the wild strain 2HH resulted, after several steps, in the S1M29 strain. Most fungal compounds of biotechnological interest are secondary metabolites, classified as polyketides (PK), non-ribosomal peptides (NRP), terpenes, among others, according to their structural enzyme. The objective of this study was to predict secondary metabolites in previously sequenced and annotated P. echinulatum 2HH and S1M29 genomes. The genomic sequences were analyzed by the antiSMASH v.5.0 tool, which compared them with the MIBiG database, and the obtained data were verified by manual curation. Results were similar for the sequences of the two strains: about 20% of assembled fragments were identified in 26 regions with secondary metabolite-related gene clusters containing structural enzymes for terpenes, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), fragments similar to non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS-like), polyketide type I synthases (PKS), hybrid groupings between NRPS and PKS type I, betalactone containing protease inhibitor and siderophore. Seven regions similar to biosynthetic gene clusters of the metabolites clavaric acid, naphtopyrone, nidulanine A, two groups similar to oxaleimide C, phyillostictin A and B and 4,4'-piperazine-2,5-diyldimethyl bis-phenol were identified. These gene groups indicate orthology in other fungal species whose secondary metabolites have been characterized, suggesting that the same condition may exist for the strains studied in the present work. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]