Tuberculose bovina na Serra Gaúcha: aspectos epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e educação em saúde

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis and that can be transmitted to humans. It is characterized by the formation of nodular granulomas and causes countless economic losses. The latest published data on the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul, from 2015 onwards, shows us an increase in the number of outbreaks of the disease. The region of Serra Gaúcha, for having many properties mainly dairy, is always highlighted when the subject is tuberculosis.Thus, the present work sought to identify animals that were positive for the disease in the Serra Gaúcha region, through the occurrence of sanitary slaughters, collecting the suggestive lesions for the disease. Subsequently, we sought to identify mycobacteria from bovine tuberculosis through microbiological and molecular analysis and the comparison of diagnostic tests for tuberculinization and molecular analysis for the disease, contributing to a better understanding of the epidemiology of infections caused by M. tuberculosis/M. bovis. 25 cattle with tuberculosis, from the cities of Barão, Paraí and Picada Café / RS, participated in the research, 28 samples of granulomatous lesions were collected during sanitary slaughter. Of these, 5 samples from the city of Barão/RS were processed for bacteriological analysis, of which only one showed a positive result for the M.tuberculosis complex. For the molecular analysis, 10 samples were processed, of which 3 were from the region of Barão and 6 from the region of Paraí/RS. Of these, 5 were positive for both the M.tuberculosis complex and M.bovis. In addition, questionnaires were applied to consumers and producers of milk and dairy products in the region in order to quantify their knowledge of the disease to assist in the creation of tuberculosis control and prevention strategies, which resulted in two information guides made available via social networks for the population and three articles to be published in journals. With this work, it was concluded that zoonotic tuberculosis is still very present in herds in the region, becoming a risk to human and animal health. There is a need for disease control and eradication strategies through periodic testing of herds and investment in unique health strategies with the application of differential diagnoses for zoonotic tuberculosis in human health. In addition, health education strategies for rural producers and greater dissemination of information about the disease to the population can become allies in the control and prevention of the disease. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]