Fatores psicossociais do trabalho e organizações saudáveis sob a perspectiva de empresários

Abstract

This research aimed to propose strategies for the development of healthy organizations through the analysis of the meanings attributed by entrepreneurs to risks factors and psychosocial protection of work. It is characterized as a field research, qualitative in nature and exploratory and applied in character. It was developed with entrepreneurs in the Northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul state, during the second quarter of 2021. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, concept cards and field diaries, with the purpose of knowing the meanings attributed by entrepreneurs to the psychosocial factors of work. These reports were categorized by content analysis based on the studies by Bardin (2004), with agglutination by a posteriori similarities. At the end of each interview, as a complement, conceptual cards previously selected based on theoretical studies were used, whose contents were later aggregated based on a priori categorization. The theoretical framework was based on psychosocial work factors (risks and psychosocial protection factors) and healthy organizations. The psychodynamics of work and symbolic interactionism were also referred to as theoretical foundations. The interest in developing this research resulted from different empirical experiences of the researcher, who works as a professional in healthcare and work in the search for prevention and health promotion perspectives in organizations. Recognizing the meanings that entrepreneurs attribute to the psychosocial factors of work is a breakthrough to promote movements that encourage the development of safer, healthier and more productive organizations. As main results, eight categories were identified that reflected the perceptions of entrepreneurs in relation to the psychosocial factors of work. They are: Entrepreneurs and their relationship with the Company; Organizational Beliefs and Values; Management Modes; Conception about Psychosocial Factors at Work; Non-Recurring Contents (COVID-19 pandemic and discrimination against women in the workplace); Concepts of Psychosocial Factors of Work, Risks Factors and Psychosocial Protection and Healthy and Productive Organizations; Poorly Structured Workers' Health Actions; and, according to the entrepreneurs, the Psychosocial Factors of Work Have their Origins in Factors Exogenous to the Organization of Work. Through the final categories, a model of results was built based on the identification of latent and manifest meanings present in the conscious dialogue. As the main finding, it was identified that, for entrepreneurs, the psychosocial factors of work have their origins in factors exogenous to the organization of work, with a focus on individual issues. By understanding the meanings attributed by the interviewees about risks factors and psychosocial protection, it was possible to elaborate an intervention proposal for the proposition of healthy organizations with a focus on the strategic management of psychosocial factors of work, presupposing health as a strategic value to organizations. The actions have the ambition to increase employers' perception on the PFW, also to assist others professionals from management, people and worker's health with comprehension, proposition and strategy dissemination for the development of healthy and productive organizations through the management of these factors, also looking at the work's organization. The state's involvement is also suggested. The interventions are disposed in modules, theoretically based on the work's psychodynamics, symbolic interactionism, sensemaking and foresight, to conduct to a resignification of beliefs and principles which underpin the construction of healthy work environments. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]