Vinculação segura : pesquisa de campo para a prevenção do suicídio

Abstract

Suicide is a phenomenon that runs through the history of humanity, it has received different interpretations and approaches over the centuries, as well as according to each culture. Although it is currently understood as a public health issue, suicide still carries myths and social stigmas that complicate its prevention. This study aimed to investigate whether the secure attachment may be a possibility to contribute as a prevention to suicide and also analyze relationships between the type of bond established with parental figures and the possibility of preventing suicide through a secure attachment. This is an exploratory study, throughout a field research, associating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Five young adults with a history of, at least, once suicide attempt in their lifetime participated in this investigation. Data collection was carried out in a single individual meeting with each participant, in which all were invited to respond to the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) questionnaire in order to investigate their perception of the quality of affective bonds with parental figures, and also a semi-structured interview developed by the researcher, aiming to investigate specifics related to the suicide attempt(s). The PBI was evaluated using the statistical software IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 21. The semi-structured interview was submitted to Minayo's Thematic Content Analysis. The results obtained by the PBI indicate the affectionless control quadrant (low care and high overprotection) as an almost unanimous representation of the parental figures, with the exception of only one parental figure that was scored within the neglectful parenting quadrant (low care and low overprotection). None of the parental figures was perceived in the corresponding quadrant as optimal bonding (high care and low overprotection). This analysis complements the results found in the semistructured interview that suggest fragile bonds with attachment figures, by identifying themes such as: resource limitations to face difficult life circumstances, difficulties in family relationships, pessimistic view of oneself, insufficient internal record security and the optimistic perception (not actual experience) about the presence of a security figure. In this way, both results support the assumption that secure attachment, through psychosocial protection, may be considered as a possibility of contributing to suicide prevention. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]