Acne vulgar na adolescência: revisão narrativa das abordagens terapêuticas

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects adolescents; it is associated with increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, and a cutaneous inflammatory response. In addition to its clinical manifestations, the condition can have physical, emotional, and social impacts, directly affecting the self-esteem and quality of life of those affected. The objective of this study was to analyze the main therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescence, as well as to discuss the importance of Primary Health Care and the role of the biomedical professional in this context. This is a narrative literature review conducted through the analysis of scientific articles, books, consensus statements, and official documents published over the past ten years, obtained from databases such as SciELO, PubMed, the Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journal.The results showed that acne treatments include topical therapies, systemic medications, cosmetic procedures, and complementary therapies, such as probiotics and photobiomodulation. Notable drug treatments include oral isotretinoin, spironolactone, and hormonal contraceptives, while aesthetic procedures include skin cleansing, chemical peels, high-frequency therapy and laser therapy. Microneedling for scars. In addition, it was observed that acne prevention involves daily skin care, preservation of the skin microbiota, and the adoption of healthy habits. It is concluded that early and individualized treatment of acne vulgaris is essential to prevent scarring and minimize psychosocial impacts, with a multidisciplinary approach in Primary Health Care being essential for promoting health and improving the quality of life of adolescents. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]