A efetividade da economia circular e da logística reversa na promoção dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e na implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) no Brasil

Abstract

This research analyzes the circular economy and reverse logistics as legal and strategic instruments aimed at promoting environmental sustainability, reducing the impacts arising from the linear economic model, and contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 and 13. The study examines the Brazilian regulatory framework, with emphasis on the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12,305/2010), the National Circular Economy Strategy, and environmental governance and ESG mechanisms. Through bibliographic and documentary research, it is observed that reverse logistics plays a fundamental role in the shared responsibility for the product life cycle, contributing to the reuse of materials, the reduction of natural resource extraction, and the mitigation of climate change. The findings demonstrate that, despite legislative and institutional advances, significant challenges remain, including insufficient recycling infrastructure, inadequate enforcement, the lack of effective economic incentives, and low waste recovery rates in the country. It is concluded that the consolidation of the circular economy in Brazil depends on strengthening public policies, environmental education, sustainable corporate governance, and integrated action among government, businesses, and civil society, with the aim of building an economically viable, socially responsible, and environmentally balanced development model. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]