Perfil epidemiológico da sífilis adquirida na região sul do Brasil (2019-2024)

Abstract

Syphilis is a systemic sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, capable of progressing through different clinical stages, ranging from localized primary manifestations to secondary and tertiary forms that may affect multiple organs and systems. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools and the effectiveness of treatment offered by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), the disease remains one of the main public health challenges in Brazil. In this context, the present study analyzed the epidemiological profile of acquired syphilis in the Southern Region of Brazil from 2019 to 2024, considering the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul in an integrated manner. The objective was to identify patterns related to the number of cases, distribution by sex and age group, diagnostic criteria, and clinical outcomes. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study based on secondary data from SINAN, supported by a literature review. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed a significant increase in notifications in the region, totaling more than 206,000 cases during the period. A decrease was observed in 2020, associated with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a recovery and continuous growth through 2023. A predominance of cases was identified among males and individuals aged 20 to 39 years, a group characterized by higher sexual activity and greater vulnerability to risk behaviors. Laboratory diagnosis represented the main confirmation criterion, reflecting the broad use of rapid and serological tests. Most cases evolved to cure, although the high number of ignored or blank records compromises the completeness of the information. It is concluded that syphilis remains a relevant health concern in the three states, reinforcing the need to strengthen preventive actions, expand early diagnosis, and improve the quality of notification records. [resumo fornecido pelo autor~]