Resistência do Mycobacterium tuberculosis aos antimicrobianos: perfil no Rio Grande do Sul durante o período de 2015 a 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, representing an important public health problem in Brazil, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which presents an incidence higher than the national average. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main challenges for TB control, including monoresistance, polyresistance, multidrug resistance (TB MDR), rifampicin resistance (TB RR), and extensively drug-resistant TB (TB XDR). Objectives: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul between 2015 and 2024. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on secondary data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the State Health Department of Rio Grande do Sul, with descriptive statistical analysis performed using Microsoft Excel®. Results: A predominance of rifampicin resistance was observed throughout the period, with an average of 52 cases per year, in addition to a reduction in multidrug resistance and a low occurrence of extensively drug-resistant TB. Treatment success was the main outcome among new cases of drug-resistant TB; however, a high rate of treatment interruption was observed, above the national average. Higher occurrence was found among men (69,4%), individuals of working age, and vulnerable populations, such as incarcerated individuals and people experiencing homelessness, in addition to a high rate of TB HIV coinfection. Conclusion: The resistance profile of TB in Rio Grande do Sul shows a predominance of rifampicin resistance and a significant impact of treatment interruption, highlighting the need for integrated strategies for surveillance, early diagnosis, and treatment adherence. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]