Melasma: prevenção e tratamento

Abstract

Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by the appearance of hyperpigmented spots in sun-exposed areas, especially on the face. This condition predominantly affects women of reproductive age and is associated with genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Because it is a chronic and recurrent condition, melasma can significantly impact the self-esteem and well-being of affected individuals. Given its multifactorial nature and significant emotional repercussions, this study aims to understand the physiology of skin pigmentation, analyze the mechanism of melasma development, and present the main prevention and treatment methods described in recent scientific literature. To this end, a qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted using scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The results indicate that integrative treatment approaches yield more effective results. Furthermore, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes play an important role in its pathophysiology, contributing to increased melanin production. It is concluded that the management of melasma remains a dermatological challenge, highlighting the need for future therapies targeting oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, pollution, and behavioral factors, aiming for greater control of relapses and the development of more effective clinical strategies. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]