Propuesta de un sistema de planificación de la demanda para optimizar la gestión de compras e inventarios en una empresa del sector marítimo de Cartagena de Indias

Abstract

The objective of this research is to propose a demand planning system aimed at optimizing procurement and inventory management in a maritime sector company located in Cartagena de Indias. The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, and propositional approach, based on the analysis of historical data extracted from the company's ERP system for the year 2025. The diagnostic results showed that the company maintains an active inventory of 932 items, with an economic value of USD 1,684,158, despite operating under a predominantly stock / non-stock policy. A high concentration of inventory value was identified, with spare parts and materials for major maintenance accounting for more than 84% of the total value, and 52% of the items having an age exceeding three years. In the procurement process, 60.5% of requisitions are managed under priority handling schemes, reflecting a strong reactive orientation. Additionally, the average approval time for purchase orders was found to be 4.4 days. Based on these findings, different demand planning models were evaluated, and a structured system was formulated that integrates item classification, the definition of differentiated planning approaches, and the calculation of operational parameters, articulated with procurement and inventory processes. Finally, the cost-benefit analysis demonstrated the economic feasibility of the proposed system, highlighting its potential to reduce urgent purchases, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen data-driven decision-making. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]